Cipher methods
Cipher methods
Every method used in CipherChronicle is documented here: origin, principle, worked example, known weaknesses and links to the grids that use it.
Identify by symbol
Got glyphs but don't know which cipher? Compare them visually.
164 method(s) shown
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seven-segments
Beginner7-Segment Display
The alphabet on your clock, your calculator, your microwave.
Symbols Read the page -
a1z26
BeginnerA1Z26 cipher (alphabet rank)
A = 1, B = 2, …, Z = 26. The most intuitive letter-to-number cipher.
Code Read the page -
abyss
BeginnerAbyss (Genshin Impact)
The Abyss Order's script in Genshin Impact, carved on Khaenri'ah's ruins.
Symbols Read the page -
acere
BeginnerAcéré (sharpened blades)
An alphabet of sharp shapes, sibling to Daggers.
Symbols Read the page -
adfgvx
AdvancedADFGVX cipher
Six-letter extension of ADFGX, covering digits 0-9.
Grid Read the page -
adfgx
AdvancedADFGX cipher
First used on the German Western Front, 5 March 1918. Broken by Painvin.
Grid Read the page -
affine
IntermediateAffine cipher
Each letter runs through ax + b mod 26. The algebraic cousin of Caesar.
Substitution Read the page -
al-bhed
BeginnerAl Bhed (Final Fantasy X)
The Al Bhed language in *Final Fantasy X*.
Symbols Read the page -
alberti
IntermediateAlberti cipher
The first mechanical cipher. Rotating two-ring disk (1467).
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
futurama
BeginnerAlien Alphabet (Futurama)
Futurama's hidden alien alphabet, scattered across the signs of New New York.
Symbols Read the page -
alpha-angle
BeginnerAlpha Angle (cattle branding)
The hot-iron numeration of American ranches.
Symbols Read the page -
magi
BeginnerAlphabet of the Magi
Paracelsus' alphabet: a Hebrew-angelic variant from Agrippa's family, with different phonetic folds.
Symbols Read the page -
alternian
BeginnerAlternian (Homestuck)
The script of the Trolls of planet Alternia in *Homestuck*.
Symbols Read the page -
asl
BeginnerAmerican Sign Language (ASL)
The manual alphabet of American Sign Language.
Symbols Read the page -
amphibia
BeginnerAmphibia (Disney)
The alphabet of the frogs, toads and newts of the Amphibia kingdom.
Symbols Read the page -
amsco
AdvancedAMSCO cipher
Alternating 1-2 transposition. Harder to reconstruct.
Transposition Read the page -
stargate
BeginnerAncients (Stargate)
The Lantean script on Stargates and the City of Atlantis.
Symbols Read the page -
atbash
BeginnerAtbash
A full alphabet flip. A ↔ Z, B ↔ Y.
Substitution Read the page -
atlantean
BeginnerAtlantean (Disney's Atlantis)
Marc Okrand's Atlantean alphabet: 26 letters + 10 digits in 'dots and bars' notation.
Symbols Read the page -
aurebesh
BeginnerAurebesh (Star Wars)
Star Wars's official alphabet. 1:1 substitution on the Latin alphabet.
Pop culture Read the page -
autokey
IntermediateAutokey cipher
Vigenère without a period: the key self-extends using the plaintext.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
ave-maria
IntermediateAve Maria cipher (Trithemius)
One Latin word per letter. The ciphertext reads like a prayer.
Code Read the page -
babyloniens
IntermediateBabylonian numerals
Base 60, two signs (wedge + hook). The first positional numeral system.
Numerals Read the page -
bacon
BeginnerBacon cipher
Every letter → sequence of 5 A/B symbols. A precursor to binary.
Code Read the page -
ballet
BeginnerBallet Alphabet
The dancer-silhouette alphabet: each letter is a ballet pose.
Symbols Read the page -
bazeries
AdvancedBazeries cipher
Reversed plaintext + substitution via a spelled-number keyed square.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
beaufort
IntermediateBeaufort cipher
An involutive Vigenère: encryption = decryption.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
beaufort-variant
IntermediateBeaufort variant (German)
Subtractive Beaufort. Not involutive — easy to mistake for the original.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
bellaso
IntermediateBellaso cipher
Direct ancestor of Vigenère. Polyalphabetic text-key (1553).
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
betamaze
BeginnerBetamaze (maze alphabet)
An alphabet whose letters connect into mini-mazes.
Symbols Read the page -
bibi
BeginnerBibi-binary (Boby Lapointe, 1968)
Boby Lapointe's hexadecimal system as graphical syllables.
Symbols Read the page -
bifid
AdvancedBifid cipher (Delastelle)
Polybius + fractionation. Rows and columns split then recombined.
Grid Read the page -
bill
BeginnerBill Cipher Alphabet (Gravity Falls)
The trickster-demon's alphabet from Gravity Falls: 26 glyphs, one per letter, purely visual rendering.
Symbols Read the page -
birds
BeginnerBirds on a Wire
The birds-on-a-wire alphabet: an innocent frieze hiding a message.
Symbols Read the page -
book-cipher
AdvancedBook cipher
Coordinates in a shared book: page, line, word. Arnold and Beale.
Homophonic Read the page -
braille
BeginnerBraille
6 dots in a 2×3 grid. Tactile alphabet, also readable as a cipher.
Signals Read the page -
caesar
BeginnerCaesar cipher
A fixed alphabet shift. The classic — easy to grasp, easy to break.
Substitution Read the page -
caesar-square
BeginnerCaesar square
Text written in rows in a square, read back in columns. The most minimal transposition.
Transposition Read the page -
celestial
BeginnerCelestial alphabet
Agrippa's angelic alphabet: Hebrew-derived glyphs with circle-tipped strokes.
Symbols Read the page -
chaocipher
AdvancedChaocipher
Two alphabet discs permuted after every letter. Stayed secret for 90 years.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
chappe
IntermediateChappe optical telegraph
Articulated-arm tower, 196 positions. Telegraph before electricity.
Signals Read the page -
chinese-code
BeginnerChinese Code (pseudo-sinograms)
A decorative alphabet that imitates the look of sinograms.
Symbols Read the page -
circular-glyphs
BeginnerCircular Glyphs
An alphabet where each letter fits inside an engraved circle.
Symbols Read the page -
cisterciens
BeginnerCistercian numerals
One glyph for 1 to 9999, built around a staff. Alphabet encoded by rank.
Numerals Read the page -
columnar
IntermediateColumnar transposition
Text in rows, read in columns ordered by a keyword.
Transposition Read the page -
copiale
BeginnerCopiale Cipher (Germany, 1730-1760)
The secret 18th-c. oculist manuscript, decrypted in 2011 after 250 years.
Symbols Read the page -
covenant
BeginnerCovenant (Halo)
The tangram-triangle script of the Halo antagonists.
Symbols Read the page -
dni-numerals
BeginnerD'ni Numerals (Myst)
The D'ni civilisation's base-25 numeration in *Myst*.
Symbols Read the page -
dada-urka
BeginnerDada Urka (Russian beggars' marks)
The discreet marks of 19th-c. Russian beggars, repurposed for cryptography.
Symbols Read the page -
daedric
BeginnerDaedric Alphabet (Skyrim)
The alphabet on Skyrim's daedric weapons and armour: 26 runic glyphs, direct Latin mapping.
Symbols Read the page -
daggers
BeginnerDaggers alphabet
Dagger-shaped alphabet: one glyph per letter, no phonetic folds.
Symbols Read the page -
dancing-men
IntermediateDancing Men cipher
Stick figures = mono substitution. Sherlock Holmes, 1903.
Pop culture Read the page -
dinotopia
BeginnerDinotopia (J. Gurney, 1992)
The script of the utopian island where dinosaurs and humans coexist.
Symbols Read the page -
dorabella
AdvancedDorabella cipher (Elgar)
87 arcs of a circle from Elgar to Dora. Unsolved since 1897.
Pop culture Read the page -
dotsies
BeginnerDotsies (Craig Muth, 2012)
Binary-dot column writing, designed for fast reading.
Symbols Read the page -
double-transposition
AdvancedDouble transposition
Two columnar transpositions in a row. Held unbreakable for short messages.
Transposition Read the page -
dovahzul
BeginnerDovahzul (Skyrim Dragon Language)
Skyrim's dragon language: 26 claw-marked runes, the foundation of the Shouts (Fus Ro Dah).
Symbols Read the page -
hieroglyphs
IntermediateEgyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian pictograms + phonograms. Champollion as the reading key.
Symbols Read the page -
elder-futhark
BeginnerElder Futhark
The runic alphabet of the pre-Viking age — 24 Germanic runes.
Symbols Read the page -
elian
BeginnerElian Script (conceptual art)
C.C. Elian's geometric alphabet: straight strokes and squares on a grid.
Symbols Read the page -
enigma
AdvancedEnigma machine
The famous WWII German machine. Breaking Enigma founded modern computing.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
enochian
BeginnerEnochian alphabet
The angelic alphabet revealed to John Dee — 21 letters with their names (Un, Pa, Graph…).
Symbols Read the page -
fez
BeginnerFez (Polytron, 2012)
Fez's puzzle-alphabet: 24 glyphs, two folds (Q→K, V→U), decoded via ARG.
Symbols Read the page -
semaphore
BeginnerFlag semaphore
Two arms × 8 directions = 1 letter. Line-of-sight maritime signalling.
Signals Read the page -
four-square
AdvancedFour-square cipher
Digram cipher on four 5×5 grids. Double-keyed.
Polygraphic Read the page -
lsf
BeginnerFrench Sign Language (LSF)
The manual alphabet of the French-speaking deaf community.
Symbols Read the page -
friderici-windows
BeginnerFriderici (window-shutter alphabet)
A 17th-century alphabet where letters are open shutters.
Symbols Read the page -
futhark
BeginnerFuthark runes
Germanic runic alphabet. Scandinavian stones, amulets, inscriptions.
Symbols Read the page -
rot
BeginnerGeneric ROT
The mother family of shift ciphers: ROT-N for any integer N. ROT-13 and ROT-47 are the iconic ones.
Code Read the page -
gerudo
BeginnerGerudo (Zelda BoTW)
The script of Hyrule's desert warriors, completes our BoTW trio.
Symbols Read the page -
goblin-tolkien
BeginnerGoblin (Tolkien)
The script of Middle-earth's goblins and orcs.
Symbols Read the page -
goron
BeginnerGoron (Zelda)
The alphabet of Zelda's rocky people.
Symbols Read the page -
grandpre
IntermediateGrandpré cipher
10×10 word grid. Per-letter coordinates — naturally homophonic.
Homophonic Read the page -
falls-alchemy
BeginnerGravity Falls — Alchemy Cipher
The alchemical alphabet seen in the margins of Journal 3 in Gravity Falls.
Symbols Read the page -
falls-author
BeginnerGravity Falls — Author's alphabet
Ford Pines's alphabet (the Author of Journal 3) in Gravity Falls.
Symbols Read the page -
falls-bros
BeginnerGravity Falls — Bros' Code
The Pines twins' secret alphabet in Gravity Falls.
Symbols Read the page -
falls-color
BeginnerGravity Falls — Color Code
An alphabet where each letter is a colour.
Symbols Read the page -
falls-journal
BeginnerGravity Falls — Journal 3
The alphabet of Ford Pines's investigation notebook in Gravity Falls.
Symbols Read the page -
falls-rune
BeginnerGravity Falls — Rune Cipher
The runes seen in Gravity Falls next to Journal 3.
Symbols Read the page -
falls-theraprism
BeginnerGravity Falls — Theraprism
The alphabet of the prison where Bill Cipher is locked up.
Symbols Read the page -
gronsfeld
IntermediateGronsfeld cipher
Vigenère with a numeric key (0-9). Easier to apply by hand.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
hexahue
BeginnerHexahue
2×3 mosaic of 6 colours per letter. Mono substitution by colour code.
Symbols Read the page -
hill
AdvancedHill cipher
Block cipher by matrix multiplication (1929). Cryptography meets linear algebra.
Polygraphic Read the page -
homophonic
AdvancedHomophonic cipher
Multiple symbols per letter. Aims to flatten frequencies.
Homophonic Read the page -
hylian
BeginnerHylian (Breath of the Wild)
Hyrule's BoTW-era alphabet: 26 runic glyphs, one per Latin letter, no folds.
Symbols Read the page -
hymnos
BeginnerHymnos (Ar tonelico)
The sung magical language of *Ar tonelico*.
Symbols Read the page -
illageralt
BeginnerIllageralt (Minecraft Dungeons)
The runic script of Minecraft Dungeons' Pillagers, Vindicators and Evokers.
Symbols Read the page -
iokharic
BeginnerIokharic / Draconic (D&D)
The script of D&D dragons, readable on draconic armour and grimoires.
Symbols Read the page -
zapf-dingbats
BeginnerITC Zapf Dingbats (Hermann Zapf, 1978)
The canonical dingbat font of the typesetting industry.
Symbols Read the page -
jefferson
AdvancedJefferson cylinder (M-94)
36 rotating discs on an axle. Invented by Jefferson, picked up by the US Army in 1922.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
kaktovik
BeginnerKaktovik Numerals (Iñupiat)
The Inuit base-20 numeration created by Alaskan high schoolers.
Symbols Read the page -
kirby
BeginnerKirby (Forgotten Land)
The alphabet of the first full-3D Kirby (2022).
Symbols Read the page -
klingon
BeginnerKlingon pIqaD (Star Trek)
Star Trek's official Klingon alphabet. 1:1 substitution, warrior aesthetic.
Pop culture Read the page -
kryptonian
BeginnerKryptonian (Superman)
Krypton's alphabet with its iconic S: 26 letters + 10 digits, one-to-one substitution.
Symbols Read the page -
kryptos
AdvancedKryptos (CIA sculpture)
Sculpture-puzzle installed at the CIA. K4 has held since 1990.
Pop culture Read the page -
lingua
BeginnerLingua Ignota (Hildegard of Bingen, 12th c.)
The alphabet of the 12th-c. mystic saint, codified in her great codex.
Symbols Read the page -
lunar
BeginnerLunar (Leandro Katz, 1978)
Leandro Katz's moon-phase alphabet: Argentine conceptual art (1978).
Symbols Read the page -
malachim
BeginnerMalachim alphabet
Agrippa's angular angelic alphabet — the "messengers' script" derived from Hebrew.
Symbols Read the page -
maritime-signals
BeginnerMaritime Signals (ICS)
The official maritime signaller's code — 26 flags + 10 pennants.
Symbols Read the page -
mary-stuart
AdvancedMary Queen of Scots cipher
Homophonic + nomenclator. The cipher that cost Mary Stuart her head.
Homophonic Read the page -
matoran
BeginnerMatoran (LEGO Bionicle)
The circular Matoran alphabet, secret code of early-2000s Bionicle fans.
Symbols Read the page -
mayas
BeginnerMayan numerals
Base 20 with dot, bar and shell. One of the earliest positional zeros.
Numerals Read the page -
mirror-digits
BeginnerMirror Digits
Digits and letters seen in a mirror.
Symbols Read the page -
substitution
IntermediateMonoalphabetic substitution
A free permutation of the alphabet. 26! options — but frequency gives it up.
Substitution Read the page -
moon
BeginnerMoon alphabet (W. Moon, 1845)
The braille alternative for adults who became blind later in life.
Symbols Read the page -
morbit
IntermediateMorbit cipher
Morse grouped in symbol pairs, each pair becomes a digit 1-9.
Polygraphic Read the page -
morse
BeginnerMorse code
Dots and dashes. Born of the telegraph, still alive on radio.
Code Read the page -
mourier
BeginnerMourier alphabet
A 19th-century stylised alphabet of geometric shapes.
Symbols Read the page -
multiplication-vigenere
AdvancedMultiplicative Vigenère
Vigenère where the key multiplies instead of adding. Bijective only for odd keys ≠ 13.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
music-notes
BeginnerMusic notes cipher
Each letter → note + octave. Ciphertext that reads as a score.
Code Read the page -
nato
BeginnerNATO phonetic alphabet
Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot… One word per letter, for unambiguous spelling.
Code Read the page -
navajo
IntermediateNavajo code talkers
Unwritten Navajo language. The only major WWII code never broken by the enemy.
Code Read the page -
nihilist
IntermediateNihilist cipher
Polybius + additive numeric key. Born among Russian revolutionaries.
Grid Read the page -
ninjargon
BeginnerNinjargon (ninja alphabet)
The puzzle-book ninja alphabet: stars, blades and crossed lines.
Symbols Read the page -
nyctography
BeginnerNyctography (Lewis Carroll)
Lewis Carroll's nightwriting: dot-and-stroke alphabet on a 2×2 grid, derived from the Latin letters.
Symbols Read the page -
ogham
BeginnerOgham (Celtic alphabet)
Notches along a stone's edge. Alphabet of the Irish druids.
Symbols Read the page -
outer-rim
BeginnerOuter Rim Basic (Star Wars)
The alphabet of Star Wars's galactic fringe.
Symbols Read the page -
phillips
AdvancedPhillips cipher
Eight cyclic 5×5 grids. Each 5-letter block uses the next grid.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
pigpen
BeginnerPigpen cipher (Freemason)
Geometric glyphs from a 3×3 grid + X. Classic masonic code.
Symbols Read the page -
playfair
AdvancedPlayfair cipher
Digram cipher on a 5×5 grid. British Army (1854).
Polygraphic Read the page -
pollux
IntermediatePollux cipher
Morse + homophony: ., – and / are replaced by multiple digits each.
Polygraphic Read the page -
polybius
BeginnerPolybius square
Every letter becomes a pair of coordinates in a 5×5 grid.
Grid Read the page -
porta
AdvancedPorta cipher
Thirteen involutive tables. Each key pair picks a distinct mirror.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
ragbaby
AdvancedRagbaby cipher
Each letter is shifted by its position WITHIN ITS WORD, not in the message.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
rail-fence
BeginnerRail Fence (zig-zag)
Zigzag transposition across rails. Simple, visual, pedagogical.
Transposition Read the page -
rata-alada
BeginnerRata Alada (The Batman 2022)
The Riddler's alphabet in the film *The Batman* (2022).
Symbols Read the page -
rosicrucian
BeginnerRosicrucian cipher
Glyphs from a four-arm cross grid. 17th-century esoterica.
Symbols Read the page -
rot-13
BeginnerROT-13
A special case of Caesar (shift 13, involutive).
Substitution Read the page -
rot-47
BeginnerROT-47
ROT-13 extended to the 94 printable ASCII characters. Fixed shift of 47.
Substitution Read the page -
rotating-grid
IntermediateRotating grille
A perforated grille rotated 4 times. Visual and tactile.
Transposition Read the page -
scytale
BeginnerScytale (Spartan rod)
The Spartan rod. The oldest known military cipher device.
Transposition Read the page -
semaphore-clock
BeginnerSemaphore Clock
Naval semaphore re-dressed as a clock face.
Symbols Read the page -
semaphore-trousers
BeginnerSemaphore Trousers
Semaphore retransposed onto the legs of a pair of trousers.
Symbols Read the page -
sheikah
BeginnerSheikah (Breath of the Wild)
The script on BoTW shrines and guardians: squares and dots, pairs with Hylian.
Symbols Read the page -
simlish
BeginnerSimlish (The Sims)
The script of the *Sims* franchise — since 2000.
Symbols Read the page -
slidefair
AdvancedSlidefair cipher
Vigenère that ciphers digrams — each pair is shifted by a key letter.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
solitaire
AdvancedSolitaire (Pontifex)
Stream cipher with a 54-card deck. Portable, no computer required.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
spiral
IntermediateSpiral cipher
Cleartext drawn as a spiral inside a grid, then read back row by row.
Transposition Read the page -
standard-galactic
BeginnerStandard Galactic Alphabet
The alphabet on Minecraft's enchanting table. 26 angular glyphs + the period.
Symbols Read the page -
stray
BeginnerStray (Walled City 99)
The script of Stray's post-apocalyptic world, readable on the Companions' signs.
Symbols Read the page -
symbol-font
BeginnerSymbol (Greek font)
The font that turns A into α and B into β.
Symbols Read the page -
tap-code
BeginnerTap code
Polybius transmitted by taps. Used by POWs in Vietnam.
Grid Read the page -
templar
BeginnerTemplar cipher
Geometric glyphs from the Templar cross. Seals bills of exchange.
Symbols Read the page -
tenctonese
BeginnerTenctonese (Alien Nation)
The alien language from *Alien Nation*.
Symbols Read the page -
teyvat
BeginnerTeyvat (Genshin Impact)
Teyvat's sacred script on the Statues of the Seven and Genshin Impact's temples.
Symbols Read the page -
theban
BeginnerTheban alphabet
Curved esoteric alphabet, medieval grimoires and Wicca.
Symbols Read the page -
three-square
IntermediateThree-square cipher
Three 5×5 grids, two of them keyed. Digram encryption by rectangle rule.
Polygraphic Read the page -
tic-tac-toe
BeginnerTic-Tac-Toe cipher
Pig Pen's playful cousin — 3×3 grid + crosses/circles. Each letter is a graphical fragment.
Symbols Read the page -
tifinagh
BeginnerTifinagh ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
Ancient Berber / Amazigh alphabet still alive. Official in Morocco since 2003.
Symbols Read the page -
trifid
AdvancedTrifid cipher (Delastelle)
3D bifid. 3×3×3 cube, three coordinates per letter.
Grid Read the page -
trithemius
IntermediateTrithemius cipher
The first polyalphabetic cipher. Progressive shift, no key.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
two-square
IntermediateTwo-square cipher
Digrams on two grids. Simplified Four Square.
Polygraphic Read the page -
unown
BeginnerUnown Alphabet (Pokémon)
The Pokémon alphabet: 26 creature-letters with a central eye and arcs, popularised by Gold/Silver/Crystal.
Symbols Read the page -
vernam
AdvancedVernam cipher (One-Time Pad)
The only provably unbreakable cipher. Random key, used once.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
vic
AdvancedVIC cipher
Straddling checkerboard + double transposition + numeric key. KGB in the field.
Polygraphic Read the page -
vigenere
IntermediateVigenère cipher
A Caesar whose key changes at every letter. Long thought unbreakable.
Polyalphabetic Read the page -
vulcan
BeginnerVulcan (Star Trek)
Star Trek's Vulcan script: 26 geometric glyphs, one per Latin letter.
Symbols Read the page -
wakanda
BeginnerWakandan Alphabet (Black Panther)
The script of the fictional kingdom of Wakanda, inspired by African writing systems: 26 letters + 10 digits in 1↔1 substitution.
Symbols Read the page -
webdings
BeginnerWebdings (Microsoft, 1997)
Microsoft's web pictograms by the Comic Sans designer.
Symbols Read the page -
wingdings
BeginnerWingdings (Microsoft, 1990)
The iconic Windows pictogram font since 1990.
Symbols Read the page -
wingdings-2
BeginnerWingdings 2 (Microsoft, 1995)
Second volume in the Wingdings family (Microsoft, 1995).
Symbols Read the page -
wingdings-3
BeginnerWingdings 3 (Microsoft, 1995)
The Microsoft font entirely dedicated to arrows.
Symbols Read the page -
xor
IntermediateXOR cipher
Exclusive-OR between plaintext and key. Foundation of modern symmetric crypto.
Modern Read the page -
zodiac
AdvancedZodiac Killer ciphers
Mixed-symbol homophonic from the Zodiac Killer. Z408 in a week, Z340 in 51 years.
Pop culture Read the page